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.gitignore
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*.pdf
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assets/nassi.png
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assets/nassi.png
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sheet.typ
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#import "@preview/fletcher:0.5.1" as fletcher: diagram, node, edge, shapes
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#import "@preview/bob-draw:0.1.0": *
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#show link: it => [#text(blue)[#underline[#it]]]
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#set page(
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header: box(width: 1fr, stroke: (bottom: 1pt), outset: (bottom: 3pt), [
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#link("https://source.orangerot.dev/university/bildverarbeitung-etit-cheatsheet")\
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#smallcaps[Informations- und Automatisierungstechnik, ETIT]
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#h(1fr)
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_Gero Beckmann_ \
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]),
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footer: [
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]
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)
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// #set heading(numbering: "1.1")
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= Informationstechnik
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#grid(columns: 2 * (1fr,),
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[
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== Qualitätskriterien für Software
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- Correctness
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- Availability
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- Reliability
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- Safety
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- Security
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- Robustness
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],
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[
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==== Interne Qualitätsfaktoren von Software
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- Effizienz
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- Erweiterbarkeit
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- Kompatibilität
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- Portierbarkeit
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- Wartbarkeit
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- Wiederverwendbarkeit
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]
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)
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#grid(columns: 2 * (1fr,),
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[
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== Programmierparadigmen
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#table(columns: 2,
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[Imperativ], [Assembly],
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[Prozedural], [C],
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[Funktional], [Haskell],
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[Logikbasiert], [Prolog],
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[Objektorientiert], [Java]
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)
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],[
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== Fließkommazahlen
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$ X = V_Z dot 1,m dot 2^(c - 127) $
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float32 $~ 2 dot 2^127$
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#table(
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columns: 3,
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[Sign[1]], [Characterstik[8]], [Mantisse[23]]
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)
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double64 $~ 2 dot 2^1023$
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#table(
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columns: 3,
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[Sign[1]], [Characterstik[11]], [Mantisse[52]]
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)
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]
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)
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*Projekt:*
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Einmaligkeit, Zielvorgabe, Abgrenzung zu andren Vorhaben, Begrenzungen, Organisationsform
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#grid(columns: 2*(1fr,), [
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== Programmablaufplan
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#diagram(node-stroke: 1pt, node((0,0), [Start], shape: shapes.pill))
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#diagram(node-stroke: 1pt, node((0,0), [Verarbeitung], shape: shapes.rect))
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#diagram(node-stroke: 1pt, node((0,0), [Ein-/Ausgabe], shape: shapes.trapezium.with(angle: -10)))
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#diagram(node-stroke: 1pt, node((0,0), [Verzweidung], shape: shapes.diamond))
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],[
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=== Nassi-Schnreidermann
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#image(height: 4cm, "assets/nassi.png")
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])
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#v(-.3cm)
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#grid(columns: 2*(1fr,), column-gutter: .2cm, [
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== Hashfunktionen
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$
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"prob"(i) &= (m - (i - 1)) / m = (7 - (4 - 1)) / 7 = 0,57 \
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& "Beispiel für 4. Element von 7"
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$
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=== Umgang mit Kollisionen beim Hashing
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==== Verkettete Liste
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Sofortiges Kopieren / Verzögertes Kopieren
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- neue Tabelle tab' mit dopperter Größe m' sobald Füllstand von tab überschritten
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- Bei Zugriff: übertrage Elemente mit kleinstem Index min von tab zu tab' und aktualisieren min
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- Falls $h(k) = k mod m <= min$ greife auf tab' mit $h'(k) = k mod m'$ sonst
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greife auf tab mit $h(k) = k mod m$
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- ersetze tab' mit tab sobald tab leer ist.
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],[
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==== Sondieren
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- lineares Sondieren $h_i(x) = (h(x) + i) mod m$
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- quadratisches Sondieren $h_i(x) = (h(x) + i) mod m$
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==== Dopppeltes Hashen
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- $h(k,i) = (h_1(k) + i dot h_2(k)) mod m$
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- $h_1(k) = k mod m$
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- $h_2(k) = 1 + (k mod m')$
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Universale Hashfunktion
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$
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(abs({h in H mid(|) h(x) = h(y)})) / abs(H) <= 1/m
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$
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])
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== Automatisierungstechnik
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==== SPS Speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung
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#render(```
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/_ "PAE (Prozessabbild der Eingänge), PAA (Prozessabbild der Ausgänge)"
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/
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+-----+-v-----------+-----+----------+-----+-------------+-|---+
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| PHE | Applikation | PAA | Watchdog | PAE | Applikation | PAA |
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|-----+-:-----------+-----+----------|-----+-------------+-:---+
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+<------:----Zykluszeit------------->+ :
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+<-----------------Latenzzeit--------------------->+
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```)
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==== AT-Pyramide
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#table(columns: 2,
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[ERP - Enterprise Resource Planung], [Level 4: Unternehmesnebene],
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[MES - Management Execution System], [Level 3: Betriebsebene],
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[SCADA - Supervisory, Control and Data Aquisiton], [Level 2: (Prozess-)Leitebene],
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[SPS - Industrial Controller, SPS, Embedded System], [Level 1: Steuerungsebene],
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[Ein-/Ausgangssignale - Sensoren, Aktoren, Kommunikationssysteme], [Level 1: Feldebene],
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[Fertigung / Produktionsprozess], [Level 0: Prozessebene]
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)
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*Kontinuierliche Prozesse*: Ständiger Zu- und Abfluss von Material/Energie \
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*Diskontinuierliche Prozesse*: Stückprozesee, Chargenprozesse (Wasser in Flaschen)
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=== Petri-Netze / Ablaufsprache
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// #render(```
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// ,-. ,-.
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// ,->( )-. ,->|-->( )->|-.
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// ,-. / `-' V. ,-. / `-' V.
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// ((_)) ->|+ |-> ((_)) |->
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// `-' \ ,-. ^' `-' \ ,-. ^'
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// '->( )_/ '->|-->( )->|_/
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// `-' `-' '
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// ```)
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#grid(columns: 2, column-gutter: 1cm,
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diagram(
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node-stroke: 1pt,
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edge-stroke: 1pt,
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node((0,0), none, radius: 0.4cm, extrude: (0, 4), fill: black),
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node((1,0), height: 1cm, stroke: 3pt),
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node((2,0.5), none, radius: .5cm),
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node((2,-0.5), none, radius: .5cm),
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node((3,0), height: 1cm, stroke: 3pt),
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node((4,0), none, radius: .5cm),
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edge((0,0), (1,0), marks: (none, "straight")),
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edge((1,0), (2,0.5), marks: (none, "straight")),
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edge((1,0), (2,-0.5), marks: (none, "straight")),
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edge((2,0.5), (3,0), marks: (none, "straight")),
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edge((2,-0.5), (3,0), marks: (none, "straight")),
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edge((3,0), (4,0), marks: (none, "straight"))
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),
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diagram(
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node-stroke: 1pt,
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edge-stroke: 1pt,
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node((0,0), [Init], inset: 10pt, extrude: (0, -4)),
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node((1,0.5), height: 1cm, stroke: 3pt),
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node((1,-0.5), height: 1cm, stroke: 3pt),
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node((2,0.5), [Schritt0]),
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node((2,-0.5), [Schritt1]),
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node((3,0.5), height: 1cm, stroke: 3pt),
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node((3,-0.5), height: 1cm, stroke: 3pt),
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node((4,0), [Schritt2]),
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edge((0,0), (1,0.5)),
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edge((0,0), (1,-0.5)),
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edge((1,0.5), (2,0.5)),
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edge((1,-0.5), (2,-0.5)),
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edge((2,0.5), (3,0.5)),
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edge((2,-0.5), (3,-0.5)),
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edge((3,0.5), (4, 0)),
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edge((3,-0.5), (4, 0)),
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)
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)
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=== IEC 61131-3: Kontaktplan
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#render(```
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--| |-- Kontakt
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--|/|-- negierter Kontakt vgl. Öffner
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--( )-- Spule vgl. Relais
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```)
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SPS-Programmiersprachen: FBS, KOP, ST, AS, CFC
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